Predator Prey Relationships
A food web is a graphical description of feeding relationships among species in an ecological community, that is, of who eats whom. It is the path of food from a given final consumer back to a producer.
Typical food chain
• The Grass eaten by a Grass hopper
• The Grass Hopper is eaten by a Mouse
• The Frog is eaten by Snake
• The Snake is eaten by Owl
• The Owl is eaten by Hawk
Grass → Grasshopper → Mouse → Snake → Owl → Hawk
The food chain above identifies the autotrophs and heterotrophs, and classifies each as an herbivore, carnivore, etc.
Autotrophs or primary producers:
Photosynthetic plants that make their own food from sunlight (Photosynthesis)
Herbivores or primary consumers
Organisms that eat the autotrophs (Grasshopper eats grass)
Secondary consumers
Animals that eat herbivores (Mouse eats grasshopper).
Tertiary consumers
Animals are eaten by larger predators (Snake eats mouse and owl eats snakes)
Quaternary consumers
Tertiary consumers are eaten by them (Hawk eats owl)
• Food chain end with a top predator.
• The position holds by an organism in a food chain is the tropic level.
• Exchange of Energy continues even if any animal dies and decomposed by decomposers (like bacteria etc or eaten by detrivores (like vulture etc).
Equilibrium
The herbivore population will be declined if the number of carnivores in a community increases. Because they start eat more and more of the herbivores. It will then be difficult for the carnivores to find herbivores to eat, and automatically the carnivores’ population decreases. The carnivore and Herbivore limits each other’s populations. And it is known as Equilibrium. The same equilibrium is maintained between plants and herbivores too.
Food Web
Hawks don't limit their diets to snakes, snakes eat things other than mice, mice eat grass as well as grasshoppers, and so on. A more realistic depiction of who eats whom is called a food web.
A food web is a series of related food chains displaying the movement of energy and matter through an ecosystem.
Categories of Food web:
1. The grazing web, beginning with autotrophs,
2. The detrital web, beginning with organic debris.
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