Operations on integers
We have the following operations on integers:
Let’s discuss each one of them in detail:
Addition of Integers
We have three cases under this:
- If both integers are positive:
We will learn this by using examples :
Add: 2 + 3
As we can see that both 2 and 3 are positive, so the answer to the above problem is 5.
- If both integers are negative :
Add: (-2) + (-3)
Here, both -2 and -3 are negative integers, so we will add 2 and 3 that is we will get 5 and in the final answer we will put a negative sign before the answer.
So the final answer is -5
- If one integer is positive and other one negative:
Solve: 2 + (-3)
In such case, we find the difference of their absolute values and prefix the sign of the integer whose absolute value is greater.
As in the above example, absolute value of -3 is greater than 2 so we get the answer as -1
Subtraction of Integers
Subtraction is the inverse of addition. Here also we have three cases:
- If both integers are positive:
For example: Subtract 3 from 7.
7 – 3 = 4
- If both are negative integers:
Suppose, we want to subtract -3 from -5
We proceed like this:
-5 – (-3)
Negative of a negative integer is the corresponding positive number.
-5 + 3 = -2
- If one is negative and other one is positive:
For example: Subtract -3 from 5
5 – (-3) = 5 + 3 = 8
Multiplication of Integers
Multiplication is repeated addition. As in addition and subtraction, in multiplication also we have three cases :
- If both integers are positive :
When both integers are positive, we multiply their absolute values and prefix plus sign to the product.
For example: Multiply 6 by 2
6 x 2 = 12
- If both are negative integers :
When both integers are negative, we multiply their absolute value and prefix plus sign.
For example: (-6) x (-3) = 18
- If one is negative and other one is positive:
When one integer is positive and the other is negative, we multiply their absolute values and prefix minus sign to their product.
For example: (-12) x 3 = 36
Division of Integers
Division is the inverse of multiplication. We have two cases under division of integers :
- Division of integers with like signs :
To divide two integers of like signs, we divide their absolute values and prefix (+) sign.
Example 1 : Divide: 10 by 5
10 ÷ 5 = 2
Example 2 : Divide (-14) by (-7)
(-14) ÷ (-7) = 2
- Division of integers with unlike signs:
To divide two integers of opposite signs, we divide their absolute values and prefix minus (-) sign.
For example: Divide: -15 by 3
-15 ÷ 3 = -5
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