Parts of Speech:
In English we categories words into eight basic types they are called “Parts of speech”. They are noun, verb, pronoun, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction and interjection.
What is a Conjunction?
A conjunction is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. It is an invariable grammatical particle and may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.
Example:
• And, not, yet, so.
There are three kinds of conjunctions.
1. Coordinating Conjunction
2. Subordinate Conjunction
3. Correlative Conjunction
Coordinating Conjunction
This is the simplest form of conjunction .It indicates or denotes equality of relation between the ideas it joins. Sometimes an
Example:
• For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
A coordinating conjunction joins two similarly constructed or synoptically equal words, clauses or phrases within the sentence. These words/phrases have equal grammatical status. ’And’ and ‘or’ are the most common coordinating conjunctions. These conjunctions are short and simple.
It is always correct to put a comma before a conjunction when it joins independent clauses.
Example:
• She likes bread with butter, and I like cheese.
• I want to become a singer, so I am attending music lessons.
For short and independent clauses, a comma is not necessary.
Example:
• They are helpful so they help people.
• My dog chases cats yet he plays with the tabby cat next door.
This emphasizes the idea in the main clause more than the one in the subordinate clause. It joins the subordinate clause to the main clause. It is usually placed at the beginning of a subordinate or dependent clause.
It connects two unequal parts
Example:
• Dependent and independent clauses.
Example:
After, as, before, than, when, whenever, since although, that, which, while, lest, no matter, till, supposing.
A subordinate conjunction has two jobs. It provides the transition between the two ideas in the sentence. This transition will indicate time, place or cause and effect relationship. It also indicates which of the ideas is more important by reducing the importance of one clause.
Example:
• Rehan will get a chance to bat once Sohail leaves the crease.
• Since she was late Sheena stood outside and waited for her teacher.
There are many kinds of Subordinate conjunctions.
1. Subordinate Conjunction of place
Example:
• She will drive wherever you wish.
2. Subordinate Conjunction of purpose.
Example:
• He must work hard in order to pass the test.
3. Subordinate conjunction of reason
Example:
• I am packing my bags tonight because the flight is at 7.00am tomorrow.
4. Subordinate conjunction of condition
Example:
• I will not help her unless she requests me.
5. Subordinate conjunction of concession or contrast.
Example:
• Although I reached on time, the counter was closed.
6. Subordinate conjunction of comparison.
Example:
• She is thinner than me.
Correlative Conjunction
This is a relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. It is a paired conjunction that links balanced words, phrases and clauses. The elements connected by a correlative conjunction are similar in length and grammatical form.
Example:
• either..or,
• neither..nor,
• not..but,
• not only..
• but also,
• just as..so,
• the more.. the less,
• so..as.
They always appear in pairs.
Example:
• She will either arrive tonight or tomorrow evening.
• He not only cleaned the house but also cooked and served.
• The bomb blast destroyed not only the house but also the neighboring market.
• Neither Rita nor Nita likes playing tennis.
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